Pengangkutan tidak bermotor (PTB) yang juga dipanggil pengangkutan aktif
dan pengangkutan berkuasa manusia merujuk kepada berjalan, berbasikal, dan
pelbagai varian seperti kerusi roda dan skuter (Litman 2011).
Strategi perjalanan PTB mampu menawarkan pelbagai manfaat kepada
masyarakat; antaranya boleh meningkatkan keselamatan dan keselesaan pejalan
kaki dan penunggang basikal, meluaskan pilihan perjalanan untuk bukan pemandu,
mengurangkan konflik antara pemandu dan pengguna jalan raya yang lain,
mengurangkan jumlah trafik kereta (Shaheen 2011) serta
meningkatkan aktiviti rekreasi dan kesihatan (Andersen et al.
2000; Bassett Jr et al. 2008; Bauman et al.
2008; Huy et al. 2008; Ohta et al. 2007; Oja et al. 1998).
Selain itu ia juga mampu menggalakkan aktiviti pelancongan PTB, memberi
keselesaan kepada orang kurang upaya, dan membantu mewujudkan masyarakat yang
lebih selesa untuk didiami (Litman et al.
2005; Love et al. 2012).
Rujukan
Andersen, L. B., Schnohr, P., Schroll, M. & Hein, H. O. 2000.
All-Cause Mortality Associated with Physical Activity During Leisure
Time, Work, Sports, and Cycling to Work.
Archives of internal medicine 160(11): 1621.
Bassett Jr, D. R., Pucher, J.,
Buehler, R., Thompson, D. L. & Crouter, S. E. 2008.
Walking, Cycling, and Obesity Rates in Europe, North America, and
Australia. Journal of Physical Activity and Health 5(6): 795-814.
Bauman, A., Rissel, C.,
Garrard, J., Ker, I., Speidel, R. & Fishman, E. 2008.
Cycling: Getting Australia Moving: Barriers, Facilitators and
Interventions to Get More Australians Physically Active through Cycling. Melbourne:
Cycling Promotion Fund
Huy, C., Becker, S.,
Gomolinsky, U., Klein, T. & Thiel, A.
2008. Health, Medical Risk
Factors, and Bicycle Use in Everyday Life in the over-50 Population. Journal
of aging and physical activity
16(4): 454.
Litman, T. 2011.
Evaluating Non-Motorized Transportation Benefits and Costs. Victoria:
Victoria Transport Policy Institute
Litman, T., Blair, R.,
Demopoulos, W., Eddy, N., Fritzel, A., Laidlaw, D., Maddox, H. & Forster,
K. 2005. Pedestrian
and Bicycle Planning: A Guide to Best Practices. Victoria Transport Policy
Institute.
Love, D. C., Breaud, A., Burns,
S., Margulies, J., Romano, M. & Lawrence, R. 2012.
Is the Three-Foot Bicycle Passing Law Working in Baltimore,
Maryland? Accident Analysis & Prevention
Ohta, M., Mizoue, T., Mishima,
N. & Ikeda, M. 2007. Effect of the Physical Activities in Leisure
Time and Commuting to Work on Mental Health.
Journal of occupational health 49(1): 46-52.
Oja, P., Vuori, I. &
Paronen, O. 1998. Daily Walking and Cycling to Work: Their
Utility as Health-Enhancing Physical Activity.
Patient education and counseling 33(S87-S94.
Shaheen, S. 2011.
Hangzhou Public Bicycle: Understanding Early Adoption and Behavioral
Response to Bikesharing in Hangzhou, China.
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